问题


There is a single choice question about college mathematics. Answer the question by replying A, B, C or D.
Question: If v is an eigenvector of an invertible matrix A, then which of the following is I are necessarily
true?
I. v is also an eigenvector of 2A.
II. v is also an eigenvector of A^2.
III. v is also an eigenvector of A^(-1).
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. I, II, and III
Answer:

答案

模型 模型答案 正确答案
金声玉亮2.0

D. I, II, and III.

If v is an eigenvector of A, then Av = λv for some scalar λ.

I. 2Av = 2λv, so v is also an eigenvector of 2A.

II. A^2v = A(Av) = A(λv) = λAv = λ^2v, so v is also an eigenvector of A^2.

III. A^(-1)v = (1/λ)v, so v is also an eigenvector of A^(-1).

Therefore, all three statements are true.
D
deepseekr1

The question asks which statements about the eigenvector \( v \) of an invertible matrix \( A \) are necessarily true.

1. **Statement I**: If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( 2A \cdot v = 2\lambda v \), confirming \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \). **True**.
2. **Statement II**: \( A^2 \cdot v = A(Av) = A(\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v \), so \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^2 \). **True**.
3. **Statement III**: Since \( A \) is invertible, \( \lambda \neq 0 \). Multiplying \( Av = \lambda v \) by \( A^{-1} \) gives \( v = \lambda A^{-1}v \), so \( A^{-1}v = \frac{1}{\lambda}v \), proving \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \). **True**.

All statements I, II, and III hold. **Answer: D**.

\boxed{D}
D
gpto1 To determine which statements are necessarily true, let's analyze each one using the properties of eigenvectors and eigenvalues.

**Given**: \( A \) is an invertible matrix, and \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), so:
\[
A v = \lambda v
\]
Since \( A \) is invertible, \( \lambda \neq 0 \).

---

**Statement I**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \).*

**Verification**:
\[
(2A) v = 2(A v) = 2(\lambda v) = (2\lambda) v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( 2A \) with eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Statement II**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \).*

**Verification**:
\[
A^2 v = A(A v) = A(\lambda v) = \lambda (A v) = \lambda (\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^2 \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Statement III**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \).*

**Verification**:

Starting from \( A v = \lambda v \), multiply both sides by \( A^{-1} \):
\[
A^{-1} (A v) = A^{-1} (\lambda v)
\]
Simplify:
\[
(I) v = \lambda (A^{-1} v)
\]
\[
v = \lambda (A^{-1} v)
\]
Solve for \( A^{-1} v \):
\[
A^{-1} v = \frac{1}{\lambda} v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \) with eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Final Answer**: All statements I, II, and III are necessarily true.

**Answer: D**
D
GPT-4o D. I, II, and III D
llama3.1-70B-Instruct

D
D
llama3.1-405B-Instruct

D. I, II, and III.

If v is an eigenvector of A, then Av = λv for some scalar λ.

I. 2Av = 2λv, so v is also an eigenvector of 2A.

II. A^2v = A(Av) = A(λv) = λAv = λ^2v, so v is also an eigenvector of A^2.

III. A^(-1)v = (1/λ)v, so v is also an eigenvector of A^(-1).

Therefore, all three statements are true.
D
DeepSeek-Coder-V2 D. I, II, and III D
Qwen2-72B-Instruct D. I, II, and III D
baichuan4 B. II only D
doubao D

If v is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue λ, then Av = λv. For 2A, 2Av = 2λv, so v is an eigenvector of 2A. For A^2, A^2v = A(Av) = A(λv) = λ(Av) = λ^2v, so v is an eigenvector of A^2. For A^(-1), A^(-1)v = (1/λ)v, so v is also an eigenvector of A^(-1). So I, II, and III are all true.
D
minimax D. I, II, and III

Explanation:
Let's consider each statement:

I. If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( Av = \lambda v \). Multiplying both sides by 2, we get \( 2Av = 2\lambda v \), which means \( 2A \) has eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \) for the same eigenvector \( v \). So, statement I is true.

II. If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( A^2v = A(Av) = A(\lambda v) = \lambda (Av) = \lambda^2 v \). This shows that \( A^2 \) has eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \) for the same eigenvector \( v \). So, statement II is true.

III. If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( A^{-1}v = \frac{1}{\lambda} v \) provided \( \lambda \neq 0 \) (since \( A \) is invertible, \( \lambda \) cannot be zero). This means \( A^{-1} \) has eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \) for the same eigenvector \( v \). So, statement III is true.

Therefore, all three statements are true.
D
kimi D. I, II, and III

Explanation:
1. If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \), then \( A \cdot v = \lambda v \) for some scalar \( \lambda \). If we multiply \( A \) by a scalar, say 2, then \( 2A \cdot v = 2(A \cdot v) = 2(\lambda v) = (2\lambda)v \). So \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \) with eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \).

2. For \( A^2 \), if \( A \cdot v = \lambda v \), then \( A^2 \cdot v = A \cdot (A \cdot v) = A \cdot (\lambda v) = \lambda(\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v \). So \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \).

3. For \( A^{-1} \), if \( A \cdot v = \lambda v \), then \( A^{-1} \cdot (A \cdot v) = A^{-1} \cdot (\lambda v) = \lambda(A^{-1} \cdot v) = \frac{1}{\lambda}v \). So \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \) with eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \), provided that \( \lambda \neq 0 \) (which it cannot be, because \( v \) is an eigenvector and eigenvectors are non-zero).

All three statements are true if \( v \) is an eigenvector of an invertible matrix \( A \).
D
wenxinyiyan D. I, II, and III

Explanation:
Let's say v is an eigenvector of A with eigenvalue λ (λ ≠ 0 since A is invertible).

I. For 2A, we have:
(2A)v = 2(Av) = 2(λv) = (2λ)v
So, v is an eigenvector of 2A with eigenvalue 2λ.

II. For A^2, we have:
A^2v = A(Av) = A(λv) = λ(Av) = λ(λv) = λ^2v
So, v is an eigenvector of A^2 with eigenvalue λ^2.

III. For A^(-1), we have:
A^(-1)v = A^(-1)(λA^(-1)Av) = λA^(-1)v
Dividing both sides by λ (since λ ≠ 0), we get:
A^(-1)v = (1/λ)v
So, v is an eigenvector of A^(-1) with eigenvalue 1/λ.
D
zhipu To determine which statements are necessarily true regarding the eigenvector \( v \) of an invertible matrix \( A \), let's analyze each statement individually.

### Statement I: \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \).

- If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( A v = \lambda v \).
- For \( 2A \), we have \( (2A)v = 2(Av) = 2(\lambda v) = (2\lambda)v \).
- This means \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \) with eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \).

Thus, Statement I is true.

### Statement II: \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \).

- If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( A v = \lambda v \).
- For \( A^2 \), we have \( (A^2)v = A(Av) = A(\lambda v) = \lambda (Av) = \lambda (\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v \).
- This means \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \).

Thus, Statement II is true.

### Statement III: \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \).

- If \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), then \( A v = \lambda v \).
- Since \( A \) is invertible, \( \lambda \neq 0 \).
- For \( A^{-1} \), we have \( A^{-1}(Av) = A^{-1}(\lambda v) \).
- Since \( A^{-1}A = I \), it follows that \( v = \lambda A^{-1}v \).
- Dividing both sides by \( \lambda \), we get \( A^{-1}v = \frac{1}{\lambda}v \).
- This means \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \) with eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \).

Thus, Statement III is true.

Since all three statements (I, II, and III) are necessarily true, the correct answer is:

**D. I, II, and III**
D
gpto1 To determine which statements are necessarily true, let's analyze each one using the properties of eigenvectors and eigenvalues.

**Given**: \( A \) is an invertible matrix, and \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda \), so:
\[
A v = \lambda v
\]
Since \( A \) is invertible, \( \lambda \neq 0 \).

---

**Statement I**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \).*

**Verification**:
\[
(2A) v = 2(A v) = 2(\lambda v) = (2\lambda) v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( 2A \) with eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Statement II**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \).*

**Verification**:
\[
A^2 v = A(A v) = A(\lambda v) = \lambda (A v) = \lambda (\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^2 \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Statement III**: *\( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \).*

**Verification**:

Starting from \( A v = \lambda v \), multiply both sides by \( A^{-1} \):
\[
A^{-1} (A v) = A^{-1} (\lambda v)
\]
Simplify:
\[
(I) v = \lambda (A^{-1} v)
\]
\[
v = \lambda (A^{-1} v)
\]
Solve for \( A^{-1} v \):
\[
A^{-1} v = \frac{1}{\lambda} v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \) with eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \).

**Conclusion**: True.

---

**Final Answer**: All statements I, II, and III are necessarily true.

**Answer: D**
D
deepseekv3 Let's analyze each statement one by one:

**Given**: \( v \) is an eigenvector of an invertible matrix \( A \). This means there exists a scalar \( \lambda \) (the eigenvalue) such that:
\[
A v = \lambda v
\]

---

**I. \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( 2A \).**

Multiply both sides of \( A v = \lambda v \) by 2:
\[
2A v = 2\lambda v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( 2A \) with eigenvalue \( 2\lambda \). **Statement I is true.**

---

**II. \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^2 \).**

Multiply both sides of \( A v = \lambda v \) by \( A \):
\[
A^2 v = A (\lambda v) = \lambda (A v) = \lambda (\lambda v) = \lambda^2 v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^2 \) with eigenvalue \( \lambda^2 \). **Statement II is true.**

---

**III. \( v \) is also an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \).**

Since \( A \) is invertible and \( A v = \lambda v \), multiply both sides by \( A^{-1} \):
\[
v = \lambda A^{-1} v
\]
Rearrange to solve for \( A^{-1} v \):
\[
A^{-1} v = \frac{1}{\lambda} v
\]
This shows that \( v \) is an eigenvector of \( A^{-1} \) with eigenvalue \( \frac{1}{\lambda} \). **Statement III is true.**

---

**Conclusion**: All three statements (I, II, and III) are necessarily true.

**Answer**: **D**
D